Třeboň is situated halfway between České Budějovice a Jindřichův Hradec, in the middle of a owland area called the Třeboň Basin. The town of Třeboň is found in the heart of a natural protected area and a UNESCO biosphere reservation. The character of the Třeboň area, as well as its economic orientation, were predestined by natural conditions and the activities of the people who have been settling here since the 11th century. The Třeboň landscape has been remodeled and reshaped by human activities for many centuries. This picturesque landscape, full of fishponds connected by numerous canals and brooks, and where fields are interspesed with mixed forests, developed in the course of centuries from an original landscape of marshland, peat bogs and old forest. The interventions of our ancestors were gradual, cautious, and sensitive enough such that they did not result in a loss of the natural values of the territory. On the contrary - today, specialists are using an expression for this 'natural state' - a secondary equilibrum. Due to its richness of plant and animal species, and the existence of unique nature biotopes, the Třeboň area has now been included in the international system of UNESCO Biosphere Reserves. Following this it was declared a Protected Landscape Area - 'Třeboňsko'.

After Český Krumlov, through the course of history Třeboň has always had an important position as an administrative centre for both the Swarzenbergs and the Rožmberks. Petr Vok, the last Rožmberk, even made it the centre of his whole estate. Thanks to the building activity of these aristocratic families, Třeboň is now a town rich in culture and historical monuments. As early as 1949, the area was proclaimed a 'Monumental Town'.

The Třeboň area has not been affected by the damage which usually follows the growth of industry as most of the companies here operate in the local traditional economic activities, e.g. fishing, brewing, agriculture, forestry, food production, or in branches of light industry such as the spa and the clothing industry , founded at the end of the last century or in the years following the 2nd World War.
The spa and the tourist industry have devoloped dramatically in recent years, greatly affecting the look and character of the town, it now being an ideal place for relaxation, rest, entertainment, and information.

The rich cultural and social life of the town is also connected with the existence of several secondary schools and the presence of two scientific institutes of the Czech Academy of Sciences (botany and microbiology), where students of the South Bohemian University also have their workplaces.